Nephrology is a discipline of medicine dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of kidney ailments. The most common form of kidney disease is chronic kidney disease (CKD). Kidney (renal) conditions are not only related to the organs but may also be genetic, requiring special treatment. Renal patients range from across age-groups with conditions like haematuria, hypertension, kidney stones, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, proteinuria, and disorders of acid/base or electrolytes and acute kidney failure.

Sometimes called renal medicine, nephrology is a specialty within the internal medicine field related to kidney care. It is often connected with hypertension or high blood pressure. Nephrologists are medical professionals who diagnose, treat, and manage acute and chronic kidney problems and diseases. They also treat associated issues like high blood pressure, fluid retention, and electrolyte and mineral imbalances.